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The Socratic problem (or Socratic question)〔A Rubel, M Vickers, (''Fear and Loathing in Ancient Athens: Religion and Politics During the Peloponnesian War'' ), Routledge, 2014, p. 147.〕 is the term for the situation in the history of scholarship with respect to the existing ''materia'' pertaining to the individual known as Socrates which scholars rely upon as the only extant sources for knowing anything at all about this individual, but when compared, show contradictions and do not agree. It is apparent to scholarship that this problem is now deemed a task seeming impossible to clarify and thus perhaps now classified as unsolvable.〔Prior, W. J., "The Socratic Problem" in Benson, H. H. (ed.), ''A Companion to Plato'' (Blackwell Publishing, 2006), pp. 25–35.〕〔 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL9780521833424.001〕 Socrates was the main character in most of Plato's dialogues and was a genuine historical figure. It is widely understood that in later dialogues Plato used the character Socrates to give voice to views that were his own. Besides Plato, three other important sources exist for the study of Socrates: Aristophanes, Aristotle, and Xenophon. Since no extensive writings of Socrates himself survive to the modern era, his actual views must be discerned from the sometimes contradictory reports of these four sources. == The sources == The main sources for the historical Socrates are the ''Sokratikoi logoi'', or Socratic dialogues, which are reports of conversations apparently involving Socrates.〔J Ambury - (Socrates (469—399 B.C.E.) ) ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (2015-04-19 )〕 Most information is found in the works of Plato and Xenophon.〔 〕〔(catalogue of Harvard University Press - Xenophon Volume IV ) (2015-3-26 )〕 There are also four sources extant in fragmentary states: Aeschines, Antisthenes, Euclid of Megara, and Phaedo of Elis.〔(CH Kahn ) - (Plato and the Socratic Dialogue: The Philosophical Use of a Literary Form (p.1) ) Cambridge University Press, 4 Jun 1998 (reprint) ISBN 0521648300 (2015-04-19 )〕 In addition, there are two fragments by Timon of Phlius,〔 (a translation of one fragment reads "But from them the sculptor, blatherer on the lawful, turned away. Spellbinder of the Greeks, who made them precise in language. Sneerer trained by rhetoroticians, sub-Attic ironist." Cf. source for a discussion of this quote.〕 who wrote in order to lampoon philosophy.〔Lieber, F. (Encyclopedia Americana (p.266-7) ) Published 1832 (original from Oxford University, Digitized 27 Jun 2007) (2015-04-17 )〕〔CS. Celenza, Dr.Phil. (2001), Classics, University of Hamburg and Ph.D. (1995), - (Angelo Poliziano's Lamia: Text, Translation, and Introductory Studies (Note 34.) ) BRILL, 2010 ISBN 9004185909 (2015-04-17 )〕 There is also Aristophanes's play ''the Clouds'', which humorously attacks Socrates.〔Aristophanes, W.C. Green - (commentary on ''The Clouds'' (p.6) ) ''Catena classicorum'' Rivingtons, 1868 (2015-04-20 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Socratic problem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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